The Public Safety and Justice Policy Group provides state policymakers across the country with research, information and policy options on today’s most salient public safety and justice issues. More specifically, CSG staff provides critical foresight capability to the states in the criminal justice and public safety fields, including corrections, courts, juvenile justice, homeland security and public safety.
The Council of State Governments greatly appreciates the dedication of the following members of the Sex Offender Management Policy in the States project advisory board. Without their tireless work and steadfast commitment, the success of this project would be impossible.
Throughout the course of this project, The Council of State Governments will produce a series of policy briefs discussing issues related to sex offender management legislation.
Creates a consolidated, multi-jurisdictional department to provide emergency communications (911), law enforcement records management and data processing to Texarkana, Ark., Texarkana, Texas, and Bowie County, Texas.
Member states: AR
Boating Offense Compact
Provides concurrent jurisdiction for Oregon and Washington courts and law enforcement officers in either state over boating offenses committed where waters form a common interstate boundary. The compact becomes valid when enacted into law by each state.
Member states: OR, WA
California-Nevada Compact for Jurisdiction on Interstate Waters
Provides concurrent jurisdiction to arrest, prosecute and try offenders with regard to acts committed on Lake Tahoe or Topaz Lake, on either side of the boundary line between California and Nevada.
Member states: CA, NV
Colorado River Crime Enforcement Compact
Provides concurrent jurisdiction for Arizona and California courts and law enforcement officers of counties bordering the Colorado River over criminal offenses committed on the Colorado River.
Member states: AZ, CA, NV
Furlough Compact
This compact allows selected prison inmates to visit home in case of family death or illness, and to assist in obtaining employment upon release. Some 33 states have enacted intrastate furlough laws. This compact would apply when interstate furloughs are appropriate. All states and other U.S. jurisdictions are eligible to participate.
Member states: UT
Interstate Agreement on Detainers
Facilitates expeditious and orderly disposition of charges pending against a prisoner. Helps determine the proper status of detainees based on untried indictments, information and complaints. Nationwide eligibility, federal participation is specified.
Member states: AK, AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, HI, IA, ID, IL, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WV, WI, WY
Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision
This interstate compact regulates the movement and supervision between states of offenders currently under community supervision. It is designed to better ensure public safety and to create a more effective and efficient means of transferring and tracking offenders between states.
Member states: AK, AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, FL, GA, HI, IA, ID, IL, KS, KY, LA, MD, MI, MN, MS, MT, ND, NM, NV, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, WA, WI, WY
Interstate Compact on Juveniles
Establishes cooperative procedures for out-of-state supervision of juveniles and provides procedures for their return. Compact eligibility is nationwide in scope. In addition to the basic compact, a substantial number of jurisdictions have also enacted optional supplemental amendments dealing with runaways, rendition and out-of-state confinement.
Member states: AK, AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, HI, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, MN, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY
Interstate Compacts on Parole and Probation
Provide for mutual assistance in crime prevention by creating cooperative procedures whereby protection of the community stems from rehabilitation of offenders. In addition to a basic compact, it appears that a number of jurisdictions may have enacted amendments or acts, including permitting out-of-state incarceration.
Member states: AZ, CA, CO, DC, DE, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, ME, MD, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NJ, NV, NY, OK, OR, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY
Interstate Corrections Compact
Enables administrative and judicial officers to enter into contracts and agreements for cooperative care, treatment and rehabilitation of offenders sentenced to or confined in prisons and other correctional institutions. Compact eligibility is nationwide in scope. This national compact should not be confused with regional correction compacts in New England and western states.
Member states: AK, AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, NC, NE, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI
Mentally Disordered Offenders Compact
Authorizes interstate agreements to provide services and facilities for care and treatment of mentally disordered offenders, and permits research and training of personnel on a joint cooperative basis. Compact eligibility is nationwide.
Member states: DE, IL, ME, MO, ND, NH, NM, WV
National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact
Authorizes and requires participating state criminal history repositories and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to make all unsealed criminal history records available in response to authorized non-criminal justice requests, for such purposes as background checks on those seeking employment with children or the elderly. The requests will be fingerprint-supported, and the dissemination and use of the records will be governed by the receiving state's laws.
Member states: AK, AZ, CO, CT, FL, ME, MN, MT, NJ, NV, OK
National Guard Mutual Assistance Counter-Drug Activities Compact
Provides for mutual assistance and support among the party states in the utilization of the National Guard in drug interdiction, counter-drug and demand-reduction activities. Compact becomes effective when enacted into law by any two states. All states are eligible to adopt this compact.
Member states: AL, FL, LA, MN, MS, ND, SC, SD, VA, WA, WY
New England Corrections Compact
Provides for cooperation in the confinement, treatment and rehabilitation of offenders. Authorizes joint use of facilities and human resources.
Member states: CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT
New England State Police Compact
Establishes procedures for application of the mutual aid principle in controlling prison and other riots, as well as law enforcement emergencies in general. It is administered by police authorities of the New England states. The New England State Police Compact created the New England State Police Administrators Conference and the New England State Police Intelligence Network.
Member states: CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT
Tennessee Interstate Furlough Compact
Establishes procedures to govern interstate furloughs of prisoners.
Member states: TN
Waterfront Commission Compact
Establishes a bi-state commission between New Jersey and New York to eliminate criminal and corrupt practices in handling waterfront cargo in the Port of New York area, and seeks to stabilize and regulate employment of waterfront labor.
Member states: NJ, NY
Western Corrections Compact
Provides for joint use of corrections facilities in the West. Contiguous states are also eligible to join.
Member states: AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, MT, NM, OR, UT, WA, WY
The Council of State Governments, through support from the U.S. Department of Justice, is working to provide educational opportunities to state lawmakers on innovative policy options for the management of sex offenders.
As of September 2008, more than 664,731 sex offenders are registered in the United States. And most convicted offenders live in the community under probation or parole supervision. The Center for Sex Offender Management reports that approximately 60 percent of convicted sex offenders are released under supervision in communities across the country—either directly after sentencing or following a period of incarceration. Experts estimate that as many as 100,000 convicted sex offenders, however, are lost in the system across the country, with law enforcement unable to find or track their whereabouts.
States are actively working to develop policy for the management of sex offenders. More than 100 sex offender laws were passed by state legislatures in 2005—more than double the number passed in 2004.
Despite these efforts, however, policymakers are struggling to identify and implement effective policies and programs that address the myriad issues related to sex offenders and their crimes. Complex issues around sentencing, community supervision and re-entry of sex offenders remain critical challenges for state lawmakers.
Under this initiative, CSG, in partnership with the American Probation and Parole Association, Association of Paroling Authorities International and The Center for Sex Offender Management, is tracking trends in state sex offender laws, hosting national forums for state officials, and developing and disseminating educational materials on state policy options for the management of sex offenders.
CSG and its partners hosted two National Legislative Briefings on Sex Offender Management in the States. Each meeting focused on state policymakers, which included elected officials and legislators, key staff members, practitioners and national experts, and explored current and promising policies for the management of sexual offenders, identified critical implications of sex offender management policies for the states, and promoted multistate collaboration and cooperation on this critical issue.
While maintaining traditional roles as keepers of the peace, state law enforcement agencies are struggling to meet new terrorism-related demands. Not only are states uncertain of their new responsibilities in the national framework for terrorism prevention and response, they are often unaware of what other states are doing.
Project leaders are working across state borders, branches of government and at all levels of government to accomplish the following objectives:
Identify new terrorism-related responsibilities for state law enforcement agencies
Identify critical implications of new and heightened roles in terms of personnel, training, resources and information technology
Develop and make recommendations for the states on specific policies, practices and procedures including ways to improve state, local and federal cooperation
Identify specific needs of state law enforcement agencies to better address terrorism-related demands.
A survey was administered to all general-purpose state law enforcement agencies. This survey focused on the different roles that state agencies are playing today in the evolving terrorism prevention and response framework.
To help define the role of state agencies and provide information from a local perspective, a second survey was conducted of a sample population of local law enforcement agencies. From this survey, five states were selected (Arizona, Florida, Nebraska, New York and Washington) for an in-depth case study examination to document several different models and best practices to address terrorism at the state level.
Finally, an expert work group of state, local and federal officials helped to examine and interpret the survey and case study results. In addition, this 30-person work group identified intergovernmental issues and needs and formed recommendations for state policymakers and other law enforcement officials. Work group members concentrated on the following issue areas:
Governance and planning issues (homeland security structures and statewide planning)T
Tactical responsibilities (new and/or heightened responsibilities, non-terrorism responsibilities, information sharing systems, intelligence centers)
State-federal cooperation (federal agency changes, impact of federal policies on states)
State-local cooperation (impact of federal and state policies on local law enforcement, state support of local responsibilities).
The project will culminate with the production and dissemination of a final report in May 2005, outlining the research results and recommendations, as well as needs for further research. Results from this terrorism-prevention study and recently drafted guidance will provide state officials with a clearer understanding of current conditions and strategic directions for the future.
An expert workgroup of state, local and federal officials helped to examine and interpret survey and case study results. This 30-person work group identified intergovernmental issues and needs and formed recommendations for state policymakers and other law enforcement officials.
Meeting Highlights
Workgroup members concentrated on the following issue areas:
Governance and planning issues (homeland security structures and statewide planning)
Tactical responsibilities (new and/or heightened responsibilities, non-terrorism responsibilities, information sharing systems, intelligence centers)
State-federal cooperation (federal agency changes, impact of federal policies on states)
State-local cooperation (impact of federal and state policies on local law enforcement, state support of local responsibilities)
Opening and Welcome
• Representative Joan Brady, South Carolina
• Representative Blake Oshiro, Hawaii
• Hon. Wayne Stenehjem, Attorney General of North Dakota
• Mr. Drew Molloy, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance
Looking Ahead: Sex Offender Management Policy in 2008 & Beyond
• Mr. Drew Molloy, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance
Materials reprinted with permission.
This project is supported by Grant No.2006-WP-BX-K003, awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. Points of view or opinions expressed are those of the presenter or author and do not represent the official opinion or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
TheNational Legislative Briefing on Sex Offender Management Policy in the States was a two-day policy meeting for state policymakers, practitioners and national experts to explore current and promising policies for the management of sexual offenders, identify critical implications of sex offender management policies for the states, and promote multistate collaboration and cooperation on this critical issue.
A statewide unified approach to classification and upfront verification of information, this program ensures that offenders and their DNA samples are properly identified and entered into the state’s criminal records database through the utilization of handheld biometric computers.
A state-of-the-art data collection system for victim service providers developed by the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, this system facilitates uniform data collection and promotes program planning and accountability.
A voluntary offender program, FOV employs restorative and reparative justice principles as its main focus and provides offenders the opportunity to examine the impact of their crimes on victims and communities. Through unique role-playing techniques and face-to-face interaction with survivors of victimization, this program has empowered victims by allowing them to help offenders modify negative behaviors, ultimately preventing destructive future behavior.
This system, implemented by the New Jersey Department of Corrections, provides a one-to-one comparison/verification between an individual’s live fingerprint and offender information stored within New Jersey’s database. This accurate and secure identification method allows the NJDOC to increase efficiency and accuracy in intake and release processes at correctional facilities.
This program provides wireless tools for combating domestic accidents, emergencies, crime and international terrorism to first responders in the nation’s capital.
This initiative enables law enforcement officers to quickly locate and apprehend parole absconders who pose a significant threat to public safety based on past criminal history of sex offenses, crimes of violence or crimes against children.
This program helps prisoners transition from prison into society by encouraging offenders to use their time in custody to learn marketable skills, develop new behaviors, address character deficiencies and begin planning for a positive future.
Comprised of 12 members on two teams who have special, high-level hazardous materials training and equipment, these teams respond to Level A biological, structural, chemical or radiological emergencies. The teams provide safety and health analysis at the site of an incident, environmental monitoring, wet and dry decontamination, plus an array of other expertise in the safety and health field.
This program is a browser-based portal that acts as a single point of access to criminal justice information for law enforcement officials in the state.
Under this program, police officers who investigate accidents attach waterproof tags to the parts of any median barrier or guide-rail that are damaged because of the accidents. The tags help the state Department of Transportation locate and bill the parties involved in the accidents for repairing those structures.
This initiative uses specially trained law enforcement officers to educate citizens about the realities and myths of terrorism. The program strives to help citizens understand the threat of terrorism to our society, explains their part in protecting their community, and offers commonsense measures citizens can take to enhance their own security.
This institute is a premier trainer of forensic scientists and pathologists. VIFSM is a cooperative effort among the Department of Criminal Justice Services, Division of Forensic Science and the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner.
This method for disciplining professional and sworn employees of the Washington State Patrol without resorting to a lengthy, formal investigation is designed to enable an employee to admit a mistake, discern and accept an appropriate sanction, provide rapid resolution of their case and handle minor acts of misconduct at the lowest possible administrative level.
This program provides the state’s Department of Corrections with a customized, real-time, automated database to help identify and treat mentally ill parolees. The purpose of the program is to enhance the quality and timeliness of mental health services provided to mentally ill parolees after release, with the overarching goal of reducing recidivism and improving public safety.
Devised to provide advanced technology to non-criminal justice agencies, this system allows users to electronically “scan” fingerprints and enter information to request criminal history record checks.
This statewide initiative aimed at helping law enforcement officers and their families achieve a better quality of life allows law enforcement families to vent anxiety, relieve stress and discuss personal and marital problems via a 24-hour hotline.
This program provides law enforcement personnel throughout the state with timely information on terrorism and potential terrorist threats to enhance knowledge and capabilities in the war against terrorism.
A cost-effective initiative, this program enhances the ability of local police agencies to prevent acts of terrorism and to respond safely when acts of terrorism do occur.
The Council of State Governments (CSG), in partnership with the Association of Paroling Authorities International (APAI), the American Probation and Parole Association (APPA), and the Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM), is working to provide educational opportunities to state lawmakers on innovative policy options for the management of sexual offenders. Through support from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, CSG is tracking trends in state sex offender laws; hosting national forums for state officials; and developing and disseminating educational materials on state sex offender policies.
Joining the Fight: Terrorism Implications for State Law Enforcement
The Council of State Governments, in partnership with Eastern Kentucky University (EKU), is conducting research on the implications of terrorism for state law enforcement agencies. Through support from the National Institute of Justice, this 18-month project seeks to inform state leaders about the new roles and responsibilities of state-level agencies and critical issues of their operation, including communication, governance, resources and training issues.