By Dakota Thomas
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act[1] — also referred to as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Package — passed the House Nov. 5. President Joe Biden is expected to sign it today, Monday, Nov. 15. The bill contains $1.2 trillion in funding ($550 billion of which is new spending) for various infrastructure purposes, including roads and bridges, broadband, drinking water resources, airports, electrical vehicles and more. In this brief, analysts at The Council of State Governments break down the $110 billion in funding going to roads, bridges and other major ground transportation projects through the lens of state needs. Itis the largest focus of funding in the bill.
Funding Breakdown
- Increasing the Highway Trust Fund – $273.15 billion over five years.
- Expanding eligible uses for Surface Transportation Block Grant funding, including electric vehicle charging, projects to increase tourism and wildlife collision mitigation efforts – $72 billion.
- Establishing the Bridge Investment Program for renewal projects on bridges that are in fair or poor condition – $40 billion over five years.
- Creating U.S. Department of Transportation grants for eligible projects including intercity rail, highway and bridge projects, public transit and rail crossings – $15 billion.
- Creating the Promoting Resilient Operations for Transformative, Efficient and Cost Saving Transportation (PROTECT) Program (focused on natural resilience and hazard mitigation) – $7.3 billion.
- Creating a Carbon Reduction Program (includes investments in sidewalks, bike lanes, public transit projects and technologies to reduce carbon emissions) – $6.41 billion.
- Creating Rural Surface Transportation Grant – $2 billion over five years.
- Establishing Wildlife Crossings Pilot Program through the Department of Transportation to reduce collisions with wildlife and improve habitat connectivity – $350 million over five years.
- Investing additional funding to the off-system bridge set-aside – $258 million.
These are a selection of the largest investments contained in the infrastructure package. The Congressional Budget Office estimates the bill will add $256 billion to the national deficit. While it is difficult to know the full macroeconomic effects of the bill, Moody’s Analytics provides estimates of the effects on employment and the Gross Domestic Product by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.
For a breakdown of formula highway and bridge renewal funding allocations by state, see the chart below. Note that figures are estimates and do not include the competitive grants for which states, territories and the District of Columbia are eligible to apply.
Condition of Highways and Bridges in States
Infrastructure needs vary across the U.S. According to estimates from USA Today, the funding from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act will likely benefit the following 10 states the most, as they have a relatively high proportion of roadways/bridges in need of repair.
| Unit | % Roads in Poor Condition | % Bridges in Poor Condition |
| Rhode Island | 24.6% | 23.1% |
| Alaska | 18.7% | 9.7% |
| California | 16.9% | 7.0% |
| New Jersey | 16.8% | 8.1% |
| Hawaii | 16.1% | 6.9% |
| Massachusetts | 15.4% | 9.2% |
| New York | 13.4% | 10.0% |
| Iowa | 7.5% | 19.4% |
| Pennsylvania | 7.1% | 16.6% |
| West Virginia | 4.8% | 19.9% |
Sources and Resources
- Statement from The Council of State Governments on the Bipartisan Infrastructure Package.
- Legislative Analysis for Counties and statement on infrastructure bill passage from the National Association of Counties.
- Statement on infrastructure bill passage from the National League of Cities.
- Breakdown of bill’s contents from CNN and from The Washington Post.
- Estimates of macroeconomic effects of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act from Moody’s Analytics.
- White House FACT SHEET on the Infrastructure Framework.
- Read the full text of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act here.
Highway and Bridge Formula Funding (in millions USD)
| Alabama | $5,200 | $225 |
| Alaska | $3,400 | $225 |
| Arizona | $5,000 | $225 |
| Arkansas | $3,600 | $278 |
| California | $25,300 | $4,200 |
| Colorado | $3,700 | $225 |
| Connecticut | $3,500 | $561 |
| Delaware | $1,200 | $225 |
| District of Columbia | $1,100 | $225 |
| Florida | $13,100 | $245 |
| Georgia | $8,900 | $225 |
| Hawaii | $1,200 | $339 |
| Idaho | $2,000 | $225 |
| Illinois | $9,800 | $1,400 |
| Indiana | $6,600 | $401 |
| Iowa | $3,400 | $432 |
| Kansas | $2,600 | $225 |
| Kentucky | $4,600 | $438 |
| Louisiana | $4,800 | $101 |
| Maine | $1,300 | $225 |
| Maryland | $4,100 | $409 |
| Massachusetts | $4,200 | $110 |
| Michigan | $7,300 | $563 |
| Minnesota | $4,500 | $302 |
| Mississippi | $3,300 | $225 |
| Missouri | $6,500 | $484 |
| Montana | $2,800 | $225 |
| Nebraska | $2,000 | $225 |
| Nevada | $2,500 | $225 |
| New Hampshire | $1,100 | $225 |
| New Jersey | $6,800 | $1,100 |
| New Mexico | $2,500 | $225 |
| New York | $11,600 | $1,900 |
| North Carolina | $7,200 | $457 |
| North Dakota | $1,700 | $225 |
| Ohio | $9,200 | $483 |
| Oklahoma | $4,300 | $266 |
| Oregon | $3,400 | $268 |
| Pennsylvania | $11,300 | $1,600 |
| Rhode Island | $1,500 | $242 |
| South Carolina | $4,600 | $274 |
| South Dakota | $1,900 | $225 |
| Tennessee | $5,800 | $302 |
| Texas | $26,900 | $537 |
| Utah | $2,400 | $225 |
| Vermont | $1,400 | $225 |
| Virginia | $7,000 | $537 |
| Washington | $4,700 | $605 |
| West Virginia | $3,000 | $506 |
| Wisconsin | $5,200 | $225 |
| Wyoming | $1,800 | $225 |
| American Samoa | $24 | <-Combined |
| Guam | $95 | <-Combined |
| Northern Mariana Islands | $24 | <-Combined |
| Puerto Rico | $900 | $225 |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | $95 | <-Combined |
Data Source: White House State Fact Sheets.
Note that figures are estimates and do not include the competitive grants for which states, territories and the District of Columbia are eligible to apply.
[1] Also commonly known as the “Bipartisan Infrastructure Framework.”
