NYSERDA Event Emphasizes Regional Collaboration, Nuclear Power as Keys to Region’s Future Energy Economy

Earlier this month, New York Governor Kathy Hochul and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) hosted a summit in Syracuse to discuss the future of the state’s energy economy. Because New York’s climate law sets aggressive targets for decarbonizing its economy by 2050, the summit was intended as part of an effort to solicit feedback on strategies to accelerate renewable energy deployment and to explore the role of next-generation clean energy technologies. In attendance were state executive agency officials, energy industry leaders, labor groups, and global experts. From the panels and ensuing discussions, three key themes emerged.

Nuclear Power

Kicking off the event, Governor Hochul emphasized that decarbonizing New York’s economy and meeting its future energy demands would involve more than solar panels and wind turbines: “I’m so excited about this all-of-the-above approach—except for the fracking and the coal—wind and solar, geothermal, hydrogen or even splitting an atom.”

In fact, atom-splitting proved to be a major focus of the summit. Following the state’s release of a “draft blueprint” for new nuclear resources, which highlighted the potential for new nuclear energy development while also raising questions about funding, siting, waste and workforce needs, several at the summit discussed how essential nuclear power will be to New York’s future energy portfolio. The discussion covered substantial ground, from the US Department of Energy’s Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear (GAIN) Program to New York’s Green CHIPS tax incentive legislation to microreactors being used in remote Canadian communities.

For instance, in one panel devoted to Global Perspectives on Advanced Nuclear Deployment in Other States and Nations, Marc Nichol, Executive Director of the New Nuclear Energy Institute, asserted that nuclear energy’s one advantage over every other energy source was its “energy density.” “It is superior,” Nichol said, “for land-use planning as well as [national] security planning.”

Grid-Scale Storage

A second key theme to emerge from the summit’s discussions was the critical role of developing more grid resilience and transmission capacity through grid-scale storage.

“If you love nuclear power, you should really love storage,” said Dr. William Acker, Executive Director of the New York Battery and Energy Storage Technology Consortium. Speaking as part of a panel on next-generation energy technologies, Dr. Acker emphasized the importance of grid-scale storage while echoing a recent article appearing in The Economist when he argued for storage’s importance to the state’s future economic development as well as its potential for investment: “[Energy storage] is green energy’s next trillion-dollar industry.”

Regional Collaboration

From these discussions, what quickly became clear is that discussion of storage must contend with the necessity of interstate and interregional collaboration and planning—a point made explicit by Laura Beane, North American President of Vestas: “New York needs stronger regional collaboration” on the energy front. Beane elaborated that regional collaboration must involve more than just interstate planning. It will also involve the challenging task of building up resilient supply chains at the local level: “We want local supply chains…We need a new system.”

With all the excitement surrounding New York’s future energy and economic potential, a few voices at the conference offered sober reminders about market readiness. Eric Cohen, Head of Green Economy Banking with JP Morgan Chase, reiterated the importance of “market signals”, “commercial readiness”, and “tax equity” being in place before committing major investments to energy projects. For all of this new development to take place, Cohen said, we need “thorough energy systems analysis paired with comprehensive market data and research.”

Midwest’s CSG Toll Fellowship Class of 2024 includes several BILLD fellows

Congratulations to these seven alumni of the Bowhay Institute for Legislative Leadership Development who are part of this year’s CSG Toll Fellows Class.

  • Ohio House Assistant Minority Leader Dontavius Jarrells, BILLD Class of 2022
  • Illinois Rep. Anna Moeller, BILLD Class of 2017, and co-chair of the CSG Midwestern Legislative Conference BILLD Steering Committee
  • Ohio Sen. Michele Reynolds, BILLD Class of 2023
  • Wisconsin Sen. Kelda Roys, BILLD Class of 2009
  • Michigan Rep. Donavan McKinney, BILLD Class of 2023
  • Nebraska Sen. John Fredrickson, BILLD Class of 2023
  • Indiana Sen. Scott Alexander, BILLD Class of 2024

Along with the seven BILLD alumni, this year’s Toll Fellows Class for the Midwest includes Minnesota Sen. Alice Mann and four leaders from the region’s executive branches.

Named in honor of Henry Wolcott Toll, the Colorado state senator who founded The Council of State Governments in 1933, Toll Fellows is one of the nation’s premier leadership development programs for state government officials.

Each year, a select group of the nation’s top officials and emerging leaders from all three branches of state government take part in Toll’s intensive five-day “leadership boot camp.” Sessions are designed to stimulate personal assessment and growth, while providing priceless networking and relationship-building opportunities.

This year’s Toll program included participation from 48 state officials and was held in September in Lexington, Kentucky. Participants will graduate at CSG’s National Conference, Dec. 4-7, in New Orleans.


Group photo of 2024 Midwestern Toll Fellows

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Military 101: The U.S. Air Force

The U.S. Air Force is one of six branches of the United States Armed Forces. The U.S. Air Force operates under the Department of the Air Force which is one of three military departments under the Department of Defense. Although the U.S. Air Force is the second youngest branch, it has operated, under different names, alongside the U.S. Army since 1907. Today, the U.S. Air Force operates as the largest air force in the world.

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Great Lakes legislators take actions on climate resiliency and water withdrawals, elect leadership team

Forty legislators representing six U.S. states and two Canadian provinces traveled to Duluth, Minn., in early September to explore policies designed to protect and restore the Great Lakes.

At this year’s Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Legislative Caucus (GLLC) Annual Meeting, participating legislators adopted policy recommendations on climate resiliency, passed a resolution to study large water withdrawals from within the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin, and elected new officers and an Executive Committee to serve in 2025-2026.

CSG Midwest provides staff support to the nonpartisan, binational caucus, which aims to strengthen the role of state and provincial legislators in the policymaking process. Through membership and participation in the GLLC, legislators are able to collaborate, educate and take actions on issues related to the restoration, protection, and sustainable use of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River for current and future generations.

The two newly elected officers of the caucus are Illinois Sen. Laura Fine and Indiana Rep. David Abbott. Along with these two officers, the caucus has an Executive Committee of legislators to oversee and guide its work (see photo and caption). Officers and committee members are chosen for two-year terms.

At the Annual Meeting in Duluth, participants heard presentations on flood resilience, the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa’s water program, green infrastructure, the Great Lakes compact, the management of plastic waste, international science collaboration on the Great Lakes, and Minnesota’s implementation of recently passed PFAS regulations. In addition, the group toured the Duluth Seaway Port Authority terminal and went out on Lake Superior with researchers from the University of Minnesota’s Large Lakes Observatory.

GLLC leadership also participated in a tree planting in partnership with the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers and the city of Duluth as part of the Regional Tree Initiative. The goal of the initiative is to plant 250 million trees in the Great Lakes region by 2033.

The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Legislative Caucus meets in person once a year. It also holds policy-focused institutes for legislators, tracks state and federal bills on water and Great Lakes policy, holds web-based meetings, and gives members the chance to serve as a voice for the region on federal Great Lakes policy.

Membership is free and open to all legislators representing the Great Lakes’ eight U.S. states and two Canadian provinces.

How legislators can join the GLLC »

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CSG East job opening: Events Coordinator

The Events Coordinator position supports the planning, coordination, and execution of the organization’s meetings, programs, and special events of various sizes, as well as booking travel for individual trips of members and colleagues. The position also conducts various administrative functions.

This opportunity is based in our New York City office but offers flexibility to work from home part of the work week.

29th BILLD program gives newer lawmakers an opportunity to develop leadership skills for legislative success

More than three dozen state and provincial legislators came together in Madison, Wis. in late August for five days of learning, leadership development and relationship building as part of The Council of State Governments’ 29th annual Bowhay Institute for Legislative Leadership Development.

Serving state and provincial legislators in their first four years of service, BILLD is a signature program of CSG’s Midwestern Legislative Conference. Fellows are selected in the spring via a competitive application process overseen by the MLC’s BILLD Steering Committee.

The 2024 BILLD program was held with participation from a bipartisan, binational group of legislators from across the Midwest.

Read about this year’s class »

This year’s program featured:

  • a roundtable discussion on legislative strategies with Illinois House Majority Leader Robyn Gabel, Minnesota House Minority Leader Rep. Lisa Demuth (BILLD Class of 2021), Kansas Senate Minority Leader Dinah Sykes (BILLD Class of 2017), and Wisconsin Senate President Pro Tempore Patrick Testin (BILLD Class of 2018);
  • training on communication, leadership style and competencies, ethics, time and focus management, bipartisan collaboration, negotiation and conflict resolution;
  • featured speakers who provided their expertise on the region’s state legislative institutions and how to build excellence in them, the interplay between the legislative and judicial branches, and the enduring legacy of principled political leadership; and
  • policy sessions on the Midwest’s labor force and economy, using data and real-life situations to improve public safety outcomes, and U.S.-Canada relations.

Applications for next year’s BILLD program will be available later this year or in early 2025.

Learn more about BILLD »

 


A group photo of the Bowhay Institute for Legislative Leadership Development's 2024 class, taken on the steps of Wisconsin's Capitol in Madison, Wis.

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MLC Chair’s Initiative on Workforce | State-led strategies to get most out of investments, build pathways to career success

Every year, $4 billion or more flows from the federal government to states for workforce training and development. Add to that the billions of dollars being invested over the next five years in local economies under laws such as the CHIPS and Science Act, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act, and states are positioned to think big about workforce innovation and transformation.

But an expert panel at this summer’s CSG Midwestern Legislative Conference Annual Meeting also had a note of caution for the region’s legislators: Make your state’s approach to workforce policy more strategic, nimble and holistic, or you risk wasting those taxpayer dollars as well as some of the coming economic opportunities.

“In a place like Ohio, and I imagine in many of the states represented here, we’re a little hungry, right?” Ohio Lt. Gov. Jon Husted said to legislators during the session. “We went through three decades of being kicked around pretty good because our manufacturing base got eroded, and generations of people moved out of our states.

“And now that we’re doing ‘made in America’ again, we’re developing supply chains again, we have the opportunity to help the people in our communities, the businesses that are there, capture this moment.”

It’s a time of “more people than jobs,” he added, and where a skilled workforce will top the list of factors for businesses on where they invest and locate.

Joining Husted on the expert panel were Shalin Jyotishi of New America and Jeannine LaPrad of the National Skills Coalition. Pat Tiberi, a former state legislator, U.S. congressman and now head of the Ohio Business Roundtable, moderated the discussion. The session was held in support of the 2024 MLC Chair’s Initiative of Ohio Sen. Bill Reineke: Workforce Innovation and Transformation.

How and why some job training fails to deliver

According to Jyotishi, the billions of dollars coming to states via federal laws such as the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) and the Perkins Career and Technical Education Act have not yielded the kind of results that policymakers should demand. In 2022, for example, a U.S. Department of Labor study found that in the first three years after individuals completed training under federally funded career pathways programs, their wages were only 6 percent higher compared to those who did not.

Further, the average wage of program completers was about $17,000 a year, and any positive earning effects of the training disappeared over the medium and long term.

“That doesn’t sound like a very effective outcome to me,” said Jyotishi, the founder and managing director of New America’s Future of Work and Innovation Economy Initiative. “Taxpayers lost, the workers lost, and, as we well know, employers still face workforce challenges.”

States have the authority to steer these programs in a different direction. Avoid “low-quality training” that leads to “unemployment, under-employment or employment in poverty-wage jobs,” Jyotishi said, and make sure funding lines up with your state’s broader economic needs and aspirations.

This requires more strategic thinking and planning on workforce policy, a role that legislatures can lead on.

“If you are looking to build your semiconductor industry, make sure your WIOA and Perkins funding is aligned to fund workforce programs in the semiconductor industry,” he said. “Trucking right now represents more of WIOA funds than the next nine categories of occupations. Trucking has a 90 percent turnover rate. Some of the jobs pay well, but it tends to be a very grueling occupation.

“And I haven’t seen a lot of legislators that want to grow the trucking industry as a strategic economic development priority.”

‘It has to be localized’

Husted, who leads the Ohio Governor’s Office of Workforce Transformation, cautioned about relying too heavily on federal workforce policy or funding (“it’s too slow and bureaucratic” to be a centerpiece of your strategy, he said) or trying to “central plan” at the state level.

“It has to be localized,” Husted said. “You can have goals, you can fund it, you can have expectations. But allow latitude for local delivery.”

Within every state, Husted noted, there are many distinct economic regions — in Ohio, for example, a strategy for Cincinnati might not be suited for Columbus, Akron, Dayton or rural areas.

“You have to have a private-public partnership where you understand the unique needs of the region that you’re in,” Husted said. “Your public institutions — your high schools, your career centers, your community colleges, your universities — need to be aligned with what’s happening there.”

This collaboration might only occur, though, with a nudge or incentives from the state.

“You get the educator sitting there at the table, you get the private sector sitting there, and you get them to agree on what they need,” Husted said. “And then you finance it.”

Ohio does this in part through its Industry Sector Partnerships initiative. Led by the business community, and including involvement by education and training providers, these partnerships develop and implement a workforce strategy, either for a single sector or multiple sectors, but always for a single region within the state.

Another policy trend has been to nurture more sector-based strategies.

In Michigan, for example, the state prioritizes select industry sectors (agriculture, health care, energy and information technology are among them) and brings together multiple employers from a single sector to determine its talent needs and challenges. Next, they work with local educators and others to develop a “demand-driven workforce system.”

“When I think of state policy as a lever to better align industry and academia and economic development … there’s no strategy that I think of as more important than sectoral strategies,” Jyotishi said.

More than training: Workers need ‘holistic supports’

This recent era of “more jobs than people” is captured in data tracked by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: the number of unemployed persons per job opening. Nationwide, the ratio was 0.8 as of June 2024, compared to 1.9 in 2014 and 2.1 in 2004. (Over the past two years, the number of unemployed persons per job opening has increased some, from a low of 0.5 in parts of 2022 to the July 2024 ratio of 0.8.)

In the Midwest, these ratios are even lower than the U.S. average in North Dakota and South Dakota (0.4), Minnesota (0.5), Nebraska and Wisconsin (0.6), and Iowa and Kansas (0.7).

In part because of this tight labor market, more attention is being paid to the barriers that stand in the way of people participating in job training, earning a postsecondary credential or degree, and entering and staying in the workforce.

“Many folks need access to holistic supports and services,” said LaPrad, managing director of policy and research at the National Skills Coalition.

Addressing concerns about the costs of child care, for instance, has become more central to state workforce strategies, with LaPrad singling out Iowa and Michigan as examples. In Iowa, state incentives are now available to businesses that offer child care as part of their benefits packages for workers, and in Michigan, an innovative “tri-share” model shares the costs of child care equally among the employer, the employee and the state.

“We’re going to see a need to focus not only on child care, but elder care and other family-care issues are also becoming fundamental for many workers,” LaPrad added.

Apprenticeships in reach for high school students

Husted has been working on workforce policy for several decades, including periods marked by “more people than jobs.” Today, he said, business leaders are eager to be part of building a skilled workforce, which requires partnerships with state education systems, both K-12 and postsecondary.

At the K-12 level, Husted noted, every school district in Ohio must now have a business advisory council, a convening of local education and business leaders to foster work-based learning opportunities centered on the area’s economic drivers. The state also is placing a greater emphasis on career and technical education, as reflected in a renamed and reorganized state Department of Education and Workforce (SB 1 of 2023) and a two-year state budget that included $267.7 million in grants to expand the capacity of CTE programs.

At one Ohio career center, Husted noted during the session, 96 percent of graduates had job offers and, as a class, had earned $2.5 million while still in school thanks to apprenticeships at local businesses.

“They were leaving as electricians, robotics maintenance technicians and nurses, and with a variety of different skills,” Husted said.

His goal is that all Ohio high school students graduate with a “skill that is hireable and desired in the economy, because from there, they can either go directly to work or go to work somewhere where the employer will pay for their college degree.”

According to Jyotishi, youth apprenticeships are a promising model for states, particularly those that offer students the chance not only to “earn and learn” in high school, but also accrue college credits prior to graduation. He pointed to Career Launch in Chicago and Kalamazoo, Mich., and the Learn and Earn to Achieve Potential (LEAP) initiative in Minneapolis as exemplary programs.

Wisconsin has the oldest and largest youth apprenticeship program in the nation, the Urban Institute noted in a 2023 study, and the Legislature has since increased state support for it, up to a total of $19 million in the current two-year budget (compared to $12 million in the last biennium.). Local coalitions of school districts, labor organizations and industry groups run each of Wisconsin’s youth apprenticeships, which focus on training and learning in a “career cluster” identified by the Legislature in statute.

Outcome-based funding for community colleges

At the postsecondary level, LaPrad said, a handful of states are moving toward performance-based funding for community colleges. She noted a new law in Texas as an example. Under HB 8 of 2023, student outcomes will determine funding levels. One of the metrics that will be used: the number of college students who earned a “credential of value,” with extra weight given to credentials tied to a high-demand occupation. Additionally, to have “value,” the credential must be tied to eventual future higher earnings for the student.

“Refinancing should be foundational to how we think about public institutions, especially two-year institutions, being able to be more nimble,” LaPrad said, noting how the incentive structure rewards colleges that adapt to evolving workforce needs.

The panel also explored changes coming from technological advances such as the rise of artificial intelligence, which they said, at first, is likely to augment rather than replace jobs.

In Ohio, Husted said, the state’s TechCred program now offers reimbursements to employers for the costs associated with a worker earning an industry-recognized, technology-focused credential. The reimbursement is up to $2,000 per credential. As of May 2024, more than 100,000 credentials had been awarded, and AI-based credentials are making up a larger and larger number of requests, Husted said.

Jyotishi suggested public investments in programs that embed industry certifications into postsecondary programs that also lead to degrees.

“Degree programs are still going to be important if you want the tech jobs and if you want this region to become the Tech Belt, not the Rust Belt,” he said.



Workforce Innovation and Transformation is the CSG Midwestern Legislative Conference 2024 Chair’s Initiative of Ohio Sen. Bill Reineke.

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Youth arrests and violent crime are down, but other trends point to need for new policy approaches

Crime, violence and victimization remain pressing challenges for communities across the Midwest.

The takeaway for lawmakers who took part in a July session of The Council of State Governments’ Midwestern Legislative Conference Criminal Justice and Public Safety Committee: Significant strides can be made in reducing crime and enhancing public safety, if we follow lessons of the past, allow data to drive decisions, and invest in evidence-based practices.

“It is important for policymakers to prioritize strategies around addressing violence, but not to discard what we’ve learned over the last couple of decades about effectively reducing crime and improving lives,” said Josh Weber, a deputy division director at the CSG Justice Center who oversees its work on juvenile justice.

Weber, along with his colleague Deputy Program Director Madeleine Dardeau, gave a presentation that also incorporated insights from Amy Ast, director of Ohio’s Department of Youth Services, and Roger Wilson, deputy director of Ohio’s Department of Rehabilitation and Correction.

Youth trends and successes

Nationwide, youth arrests for violent crimes are at historically low levels. However, states have been experiencing rising homicide rates in youth, particularly those involving firearms. Youth violence can often be a byproduct of mental health challenges and trauma. Alarmingly, a substantial proportion of young people entering the juvenile justice system struggle with behavioral health issues, and short-staffed public agencies and service providers are having difficulty addressing these needs.

Research shows, too, that involvement in the justice system often does more harm than good when trying to reduce violence and improve behavioral health. Yet many states are responding with more punitive approaches.

Most youth involved in the juvenile justice system have committed relatively minor offenses. Further, less than 30 percent of youths referred to court have their cases adjudicated, suggesting that system involvement could have been avoided in the first place if service alternatives were more readily available.

Additionally, racial disparities highlight the critical need for robust support systems: In 2020-21, Black youth were two-and-a-half times more likely to be arrested than their White counterparts.

What’s needed, Weber said, is a commitment to develop a statewide adolescent services and violence prevention strategy. Juvenile justice systems should focus their limited resources on the small number of youth who pose a public safety risk and on proven recidivism-reduction strategies.

Lastly, he said, it is vital for states to address gaps in the workforce capacity of public agencies and service providers.

Ohio serves as a success story in some of these areas. According to Ast, through initiatives like Reclaim Ohio, the state provides financial incentives for local courts to reduce reliance on the justice system and incarceration. Low- and moderate-risk youth are being successfully diverted to community-based interventions.

“[The] focus on prevention and engagement with families has led to a remarkable 86 percent of youth successfully reintegrating into their communities without reoffending, highlighting the importance of investing in their potential,” she said.

Adult trends and opportunities

The MLC panel also pointed a way forward for addressing public concerns about adult violent crime. Polling data indicates that 78 percent of the public believes crime has increased, while only 17 percent expresses high trust in the criminal justice system. In reality, despite a recent spike in 2020, the violent crime rate was lower in 2022 than in 2012.

However, in 2022, 63 percent of reported violent crimes remained unsolved, fostering concerns about safety, justice and law enforcement. And homicides involving victims from historically marginalized groups are more likely to go unsolved.

How can policymakers tackle these racial disparities and obstacles related to unsolved violent crime? Bolster law enforcement’s capacity to solve violent crimes. Identify evidence-based crime prevention strategies and then invest in areas most impacted by violence. Set statewide recidivism-reduction goals. Strengthen supports for crime victims. Improve justice-related data collection, analysis and reporting.

Those were some of the policy ideas explored during the session.

Ohio’s Department of Rehabilitation and Correction has established a comprehensive risk-assessment process to identify individuals most likely to commit violent crimes. It then provides enhanced community supervision to this group. Wilson emphasized the importance of collaboration with law enforcement and community organizations in delivering a unified message: “We will do everything in our power to help you live a productive life, but we will not tolerate criminal behavior.”

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